[1] Kingshott P, Wei J, Bagge-Ravn D, et al. Covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) to surfaces, critical for reducing bacterial adhesion[J]. Langmuir, 2003, 19: 6912-6921
[2] Roosjen A, van der Mei H C, Busscher H J, et al. Microbial adhesion to poly(ethylene oxide) brushes: Influence of polymer chain length and temperature[J]. Langmuir, 2004, 20: 10949-10955.
[3] Roosjen A, de Vries J, van der Mei H C, et al. Stability and effectiveness against bacterial adhesion of poly(ethylene oxide) coatings in biological fluids[J]. J Biomed Mater Res Part B-Appl Biomater, 2005, 73B: 347-354.
[4] Lewis A L. Phosphorylcholine-based polymers and their use in the prevention of biofouling[J]. Colloids and Surf B-Biointerf, 2000, 18: 261-275.
[5] Hirota K, Murakami K, Nemoto K, et al. Coating of a surface with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine (MPC) co-polymer significantly reduces retention of human pathogenic microorganisms[J]. Fems Microb Lett, 2005, 248: 37-45.
[6] Cheng G, Li G Z, Xue H, Chen S F, et al. Zwitterionic carboxybetaine polymer surfaces and their resistance to long-term biofilm formation[J]. Biomaterials, 2009, 30: 5234-5240.
[7] G. Cheng, Zhang Z, Chen S F, et al. Inhibition of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on zwitterionic surfaces[J]. Biomaterials, 2007, 28: 4192-4199.
[8] Li G Z, Cheng G, Xue H, et al. Ultra low fouling zwitterionic polymers with a biomimetic adhesive group[J]. Biomaterials, 2008, 29: 4592-4597.
[9] Yang Y F, Li Y, Li Q L, et al. Surface hydrophilization of microporous polypropylene membrane by grafting zwitterionic polymer for anti-biofouling[J]. J Membr Sci, 2010, 362: 255-264.
[10] Aymonier C, Schlotterbeck U, Antonietti L, et al. Hybrids of silver nanoparticles with amphiphilic hyperbranched macromolecules exhibiting antimicrobial properties[J]. Chem Commun, 2002, 3018-3019.
[11] Kumar A, Vemula P K, Ajayan P M, et al. Silver-nanoparticle-embedded antimicrobial paints based on vegetable oil[J]. Nature Mater, 2008, 7: 236-241.
[12] Isquith A J, Abbott E A, Walters P A. Surface-bonded antimicrobial activity of an organosilicon quaternary ammonium chloride[J]. Appl Microb, 1972, 24: 859-863.
[13] Walters P A, Abbott E A, Isquith A J. Algicidal activity of a surface-bonded organosilicon quaternary ammonium chloride[J]. Appl Microb, 1973, 25: 253-256.
[14] Gottenbos B, van der Mei H C, Klatter F, et al. In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of covalently coupled quaternary ammonium silane coatings on silicone rubber[J]. Biomaterials, 2002, 23: 1417-1423.
[15] Andresen M, Stenstad P, Moretro T, et al. Nonleaching antimicrobial films prepared from surface-modified microfibrillated cellulose[J]. Biomacromolecules, 2007, 8: 2149-2155.
[16] Bae W S, Urban M W, Reactions of antimicrobial species to imidazole-microwave plasma reacted poly(dimethylsiloxane) surfaces[J]. Langmuir, 2004, 20: 8372-8378.
[17] Aumsuwan N, Heinhorst S, Urban M W. Antibacterial surfaces on expanded polytetrafluoroethylene; penicillin attachment[J]. Biomacromolecules, 2007, 8: 713-718.
[18] Aumsuwan N, Heinhorst S, Urban M W. The effectiveness of antibiotic activity of penicillin attached to expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (ePTFE) surfaces: A quantitative assessment[J]. Biomacromolecules, 2007, 8: 3525-3530.
[19] James N R, Jayakrishnan J A. Surface thiocyanation of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) and its effect on bacterial adhesion[J]. Biomaterials, 2003, 24: 2205-2212.
[20] Zhang W, Chu P K, Ji J H, et al. Plasma surface modification of poly vinyl chloride for improvement of antibacterial properties[J]. Biomaterials, 2006, 27: 44-51.
[21] Kenawy E R, Worley S D, Broughton R. The chemistry and applications of antimicrobial polymers: A state-of-the-art review[J]. Biomacromolecules, 2007, 8: 1359-1384.
[22] Tashiro T. Antibacterial and bacterium adsorbing macromolecules[J]. Macromol Mater Eng, 2001, 286: 63-87.
[23] Lin J, Qiu S Y, Lewis K, et al. Mechanism of bactericidal and fungicidal activities of textiles covalently modified with alkylated polyethylenimine[J]. Biotechnol Bioeng, 2003, 83: 168-172.
[24] Milovic N M, Wang J, Lewis K, et al. Immobilized N-alkylated polyethylenimine avidly kills bacteria by rupturing cell membranes with no resistance developed[J]. Biotechnol Bioeng, 2005, 90: 715-722.
[25] Tiller J C, Lee S B, Lewis K, et al. Polymer surfaces derivatized with poly(vinyl-N-hexylpyridinium) kill airborne and waterborne bacteria[J]. Biotechnol Bioeng, 2002, 79: 465-471.
[26] Lin J, Tiller J C, Lee S B, et al. Insights into bactericidal action of surface-attached poly(vinyl-N-hexylpyridinium) chains[J]. Biotechnol Lett, 2002, 24: 801-805.
[27] Cen L, Neoh K G, Kang E T. Surface functionalization technique for conferring antibacterial properties to polymeric and cellulosic surfaces[J]. Langmuir, 2003, 19: 10295-10303.
[28] Shi Z L, Neoh K G, Kang E T. Antibacterial activity of polymeric substrate with surface grafted viologen moieties[J]. Biomaterials, 2005, 26: 501-508.
[29] Hilal N, Kochkodan V, Al-Khatib L, et al. Surface modified polymeric membranes to reduce (bio)fouling: a microbiological study using E. Coli[J]. Desalination, 2004, 167: 293-300.
[30] Ma H M, Bowman C N, Davis R H. Membrane fouling reduction by backpulsing and surface modification[J]. J Membr Sci, 2000, 173: 191-200.
[31] Lee S B, Koepsel R R, Morley S W, et al. Permanent, nonleaching antibacterial surfaces. 1. Synthesis by atom transfer radical polymerization[J]. Biomacromolecules, 2004, 5: 877-882.
[32] Zhai G Q, Shi Z L, Kang E T, et al. Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization on poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane for antibacterial ability[J]. Macromol Biosci, 2005, 5: 974-982.
[33] Voccia S, Ignatova M, Jerome R, et al. Design of antibacterial surfaces by a combination of electrochemistry and controlled radical polymerization[J]. Langmuir, 2006, 22: 8607-8613.
[34] Roy D, Knapp J S, Guthrie J T, et al. Antibacterial cellulose fiber via RAFT surface graft polymerization[J]. Biomacromolecules, 2008, 9: 91-99.
[35] Park D, Wang J, Klibanov A M. One-step, painting-like coating procedures to make surfaces highly and permanently bactericidal[J]. Biotechnol Prog, 2006, 22: 584-589.
[36] Klibanov A M. Permanently microbicidal materials coatings[J]. J Mater Chem, 2007, 17: 2479-2482.
[37] Lenoir S, Pagnoulle C, Detrembleur C, et al. Antimicrobial activity of polystyrene particles coated by photo-crosslinked block copolymers containing a biocidal polymethacrylate block[J]. E-Polymers, 2005, 11: 74-81.
[38] Fuchs A D, Tiller J C. Contact-active antimicrobial coatings derived from aqueous suspensions[J]. Angew Chem-Int Ed, 2006, 45: 6759-6762.
[39] Martin T P, Kooi S E, Chang S H, et al. Initiated chemical vapor deposition of antimicrobial polymer coatings[J]. Biomaterials, 2007, 28: 909-915.
[40] Bratskaya S, Marinin D, Simon F, et al. Adhesion and viability of two enterococcal strains on covalently grafted chitosan and chitosan/kappa- carrageenan multilayers[J]. Biomacromolecules, 2007, 8: 2960-2968.
[41] Elsabee M Z, Abdou E S, Nagy K S A, et al. Surface modification of polypropylene films by chitosan and chitosan/pectin multilayer[J]. Carbohyd Polym, 2008, 71: 187-195.
[42] Yang Y F, Hu H Q, Li Y, Wan L S, Xu Z K.. Membrane surface with antibacterial property by grafting polycation[J]. J Membr Sci, 2011, in press (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.04.012).