[1]王世昌. 海水淡化工程[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
[2]New Desalination Capacity 1980-2009-Chart[J].Global Water Intelligence,2009, 10
[3]The Big Dipper: Contracted Desalination CapacityForecast-Chart[J]. Global WaterIntelligence, 2009, 10
[4]FritzmannC, Löwenberg J, Wintgens T, et al. State-of-the-art of reverse osmosis desalination [J].Desalination, 2007, 216: 1-76
[5]Khawaji A D, Kutubkhanah I K, Wie J M. Advances in seawater desalination technologies[J]. Desalination,2008, 221: 47-69.
[6]Kim S H, Kim G T, Yim S K, et al. Application of energy efficient reverse osmosis for seawater desalination system[J]. Desalination,2002, 144: 361- 365.
[7]Misdan N, Lau W J, Ismail A F. Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) desalination by thin-film composite membrane-Current development, challenges and future prospects[J]. Desalination,2012, 287: 228-237
[8]Greenlee L F, Lawler D F, Freeman B D, et al. Reverse osmosis desalination:water sources, technology, and today's challenges[J]. Water Research,2009, 43: 2317-2348.
[9]Energy Makes All the Difference: Desalination Operating Costs Compared – Chart [J]. Global Water Intelligence, 2007, 8
[10]Lee K P, Arnot T C, Mattia D. A review of reverse osmosis membrane materials for desalination—development to date and future potential[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2011, 370: 1-22.
[11]Global Water Intelligence (GWI/IDA DesalData),Market pro?le and desalinationmarkets, 2009-2012[J]. Yearbooks and GWI website, 2012
[12]Sbalani S S, Goosen M F A, Al-elushi, et al.Concentration polarization in ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis:acritical review [J]. Desalination,2001, 141: 269-289.
[13]Greenlee L F, Lawler D F, Freeman B D,et al. Reverse osmosis desalination:water sources,technology, and today's challenges[J]. Water Research,2009, 43: 2317-2348.
[14]Sadwhnai J J, Veza J M, Santanb C. Case studies on environmental impact of seawater desalination[J]. Desalination,2005, 185: 1-8.
[15]Mauguin G, Corsin P. Concentrate and other waste disposals from SWRO plants: characterization of their environmental impact[J].Desalination,2005, 182: 355-364.
[16]Liu M H, Yu S C, Tao J, et al.Preparation, structure characteristics and separation properties of thin-film composite polyamide-urethane seawater reverse osmosis membrane[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2008, 325:947-956.
[17]Petersen R J. Composite reverse osmosis and nanofiltrationmembranes[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,1993, 83: 81-105.
[18]Lu X F, Bian X K, Shi L Q, et al. Preparation and characterization of NF composite membrane[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2002, 210: 3-11.
[19]Vuong D X. Two stage nanofiltration seawater desalination system [P]. US 8,366,924 B2Feb. 5, 2013.
[20]Long Beach water department. Long Beach desalination technologyreceives patent protection[J].Membrane Technology,2006,11:1
[21]Harrison C J, Gouellec Y A, Cheng R C. Bench-scale testing ofnanofiltration for seawater desalination [J].Journal of EnvironmentalEngineering,2007,133(11):1004-1014.
[22]Liu Jie, XieLixin, Wang Zhi, et al.Dual-stage nanofiltration seawater desalination: waterquality, scaling and energy consumption [J]. Desalination and Water Treatment,2014, 52: 134-144.
[23]Tan CH, Ng HY. A novel hybrid forward osmosis-nanofiltration (FO-NF) process for seawater desalination: draw solution selection and system configuration[J].Desalination and Water Treatment, 2010,13: 356-361.
[24]Zhao S, Zou L, Mulcahy D.Brackish water desalination by a hybrid forward osmosis–nanofiltration system using divalent draw solute [J].Desalination, 2012, 284: 175-181.
[25]SarkarS, SenGuptaAK, A new hybrid ion exchange-nanofiltration (HIX-NF) separation process for energy-efficient desalination: process concept and laboratory evaluation [J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2008, 324: 76-84.
[26]SarkarS, SenGuptaA K, A hybrid ion exchange-nanofiltration (HIX-NF) process for energy efficient desalination of brackish/seawater [J]. 2009
[27]Abdel Nasser A. Mabrouk, Hassan El-banna S. Fath, Experimental study of high-performance hybrid NF-MSFdesalination pilot test unit driven by renewable energy, Desalination and Water Treatment, 2013, 51: 6895-6904
[28]Mohamed Khayet, Membranes and theoretical modeling of membrane distillation: A review, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2011, 164: 56-88
[29]陈益棠, 陈波. 高回收率反渗透海水淡化[J]. 水处理技术2008, 30:196-198.
[30]Hassan A M, Al-Sofi M A, Al-Amoudi A et al. A nanofiltration (NF) membrane pretreatment of swro feed and MSF make-up[J]. Abstract of Paper presented at IDA World Congress on Desalination and Water Reuse, Oct. 1997 Madrid, Spain.
[31]王玉红, 苏保卫, 徐佳等. 纳滤膜脱盐性能及其在海水软化中应用的研究[J]. 工业水处理,2006, 26:46-49.
[32]张莉娜，黄婕，熊丹柳等. 纳滤膜脱盐及其在海水软化中的应用[J]. 膜科学与技术,2012, 32:97-10.
[33]Hilal N, Al-Zoubi H, Mohammad A W. Nanofiltration of highly concentrated salt solutions up to seawater salinity[J]. Desalination,2005, 184:315-326.
[34]李晓明, 王铎, 高学理等. 纳滤膜海水软化性能及膜污染研究[J]. 水处理技术,2008, 34:8-11.
[35]Llenas L, Mart?´nez-Llado X, Yaroshchuk A, et al.Nanofiltration as pretreatment for scale prevention in seawater reverse osmosis desalination[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment,2011, 36:310-318.
[36]苏保卫, 王玉红, 李晓明等. 胶州湾海水纳滤软化的研究[J]. 水处理技术,2007, 33:64-66.
[37]李晓明, 王铎, 柴涛等. 纳滤海水软化的实验研究[J]. 高校化学工程学报 2009, 23:582-586.
[38]Song YF, XuJ,XuY, et al. Performance of UF-NF integrated membrane process for seawater softening[J]. Desalination,2011, 276:109-116.
[39]陈侠, 詹志斌, 陈丽芳等. 纳滤作为反渗透海水淡化与处理的研究[J]. 膜科学与技术,2013, 33:59-62.
[40]Walha K, Amar R B, Quemeneur F. Treatment by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis of high salinity drilling water for seafood washing and processing[J]. Desalination, 2008, 219:231-239.
[41]Pontié M, Derauw J S, Plantier S, et al. Seawater desalination: nanofiltration–a substitute for reverse osmosis? [J]. Desalination and Water Treatment,2013, 51:485-494.
[42]Llenas L, Ribera G, Mart?´nez-Llado X, et al. Selection of nanofiltration membranes as pretreatment for scaling prevention in SWRO using real seawater[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment,2013, 51:930-935.
[43]Uhlinger R A. Desalination method and apparatus utilizing nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes [P]. US 6,190,556 B1 Feb. 20, 2001.
[44]Hassan A M, Al-Sofi M A, Al-Amoudi A ,et al. A new approach to membrane and thermal seawater desalination processes using nanofiltrationmembrane(Part1)[J]. Desalination,1998, 118:35-51.
[45]Hassan A M, Farooque A M, Jamaluddin A T M, et al. Optimization of NF pretreatment of feed to seawater desalination plants[J]. Presented at IDA World Congress on Desalination Water Reuse held at San Diego, USA, 29 Aug.-3 Sept. 1999.
[46]Hassan A M, Farooque A M, Jamaluddin A T M, et al. A demonstration plant based on the new NF-SWRO process[J]. Desalination,2000, 131:157-171.
[47]Hassan A M, Farooque A M, Jamaluddin A T M, et al. Conversion and operation of the commercial umm lujjswro plant from a single swro desalination process to the new dual NF-SWRO desalination process [J]. Paper presented at IDA Conference, March 2002 at Manama Bahrain.
[48]Erikssona P, Kyburzb M, Pergande W. NF membrane characteristics and evaluation for sea water processing applications[J]. Desalination,2005, 184:281-294.
[49]A1-Amoudi A S, Farooque A M. Performance restoration and autopsy of NF membranes used in seawater pretreatment[J]. Desalination,2005, 178:261-271.
[50]SongY F, Su B W, Gao X L, et al. The performance of polyamide nanofiltration membrane for long-term operation in an integrated membrane seawater pretreatment system[J].Desalination,2012, 296:30-36.
[51]Song Y F, Su B W, Gao X L, et al. Investigation on high NF permeate recovery and scaling potential prediction in NF-SWRO integrated membrane operation[J]. Desalination,2013, 330:61-69.
[52]Song Y F, Gao X L, Gao C J. Evaluation of scaling potential in a pilot-scale NF-SWRO integrated seawater desalination system[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2013, 443:201-209.
[53]Farooque AM, Green TN, Mohammed NK, et al. Autopsy of NF membranes after 5 years of operation at the UmmLujj SWRO plant [J]. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2009, 3: 83-90
[54]Abdullatef A E, Farooque M, Al-Otaibi G, et al. Optimum nanofiltration membrane arrangements in seawater pretreatment -Part-I[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment,2011,28:270-286.
[55]AlTaee A, Sharif A O. Alternative design to dual stage NF seawater desalination using high rejectionbrackish water membranes [J]. Desalination,2011, 273: 391-397
[56]M.A. Darwish, Fatimah M. Al Awadhi, Mahmoud Y. Abdul Raheem, The MSF: Enough is Enough, Desalination and Water Treatment, 2010, 22: 193-203
[57]VrouwenvelderJS,LoosdrechtMCM, KruithJC. Early warning of biofouling in spiral wound nano?ltrationand reverse osmosis membranes [J]. Desalination, 2011, 265: 206-212.
[58]Hassan A M. Process for desalination of saline water, especially water, having inceased product yield and quality [P]. US 6,508,936 B1. Jan. 21, 2003.
[59]A1-Sofi M A, Hassan A M, Hamed O A, et al. Optimization of hybridized seawater desalination process[J]. Desalination,2000, 131:147-156.
[60]Hamed O A. Overview of hybrid desalination systems-current status and future prospects [J]. Desalination,2005, 186:207-214.
[61]Hamed O A, Hassan A M, Al-Shail K, et al. Performance analysis of a trihybrid NF/RO/MSF desalination plant [J].  Desalination and Water Treatment,2009, 1:215-222.
[62]Abdel Nasser A. Mabrouk, Hassan El-banna S. Fath, Experimental study of high-performance hybrid NF-MSFdesalination pilot test unit driven by renewable energy, Desalination and Water Treatment, 2013, 51: 6895-6904
[63]Nasser A A,MabroukH,Fath E S, Techno-economic analysis of hybrid high performance MSFdesalination plant with NF membrane [J].Desalination and Water Treatment, 2013, 51, 844-856
[64]Mohamed K. Membranes and theoretical modeling of membrane distillation: A review [J].Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2011, 164: 56-88
[65]马润宇, 王艳辉, 涂感良. 膜结晶技术研究进展及应用前景[J]. 膜科学与技术,2003, 23:145-150.
[66]Drioli E, Lagana F, Criscuoli A, et al. Integrated membrane operations in desalination processes[J].Desalination, 1999, 122:141-145.
[67]Drioli E, Criscuoli A, Curcio E. Integrated membrane operations for seawater desalination[J].Desalination, 2002, 147:77-81.
[68]Macedonio F, Profio G D, Curcio E, et al. Integrated membrane systems for seawater desalination[J].Desalination,2006, 200:612-614.
[69]Macedonio F, Drioli E. An exergetic of a membrane desalination system[J]. Desalination,2010, 261:293-299.
[70]Drioli E, Profio G D, Curcio E. Progress in membrane crystallization[J]. Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering,2012, 1:1-5.
[71]E. Drioli, E. Curcio, G. Di profio, et al, Integrating membrane contactors technologyand pressure-driven membrane operationsfor seawater desalinationEnergy, Exergy and Costs Analysis，Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2006, 84: 209-220
[72]Kim Y M, Kim S J, Kim Y S, et al. Overview of systems engineering approaches for a large- scale seawater desalination plant with a reverse osmosis network[J]. Desalination,2009, 238:312-332.
[73]Turek M, Dydo P. Hybrid membrane-thermal versus simple membrane systems[J]. Desalination,2003, 157:51-56.
[74]Turek M, Chor??ewska M. Nanofiltration process for seawater desalination-salt production integrated system[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment,2009,7:178-181.