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Experimental study on two-stage electrodialysis and reverse osmosis coupling
process for resource recovery of electroplating industrial wastewater

Authors： ZHANG Li1, GUO Xiwei2,3, LIU Fang1, LOU Yufeng2,3, FU Rongqiang2, YANG Sen2, WANG Mengli1

Units： 1. College of Chemical Engineering, Weifang Key Laboratory of High-Salinity Industrial Wastewater
Resource Utilization, Weifang Vocational College, Weifang 262737, China; 2. Shandong Tianwei
Membrane Technology Co., Ltd., Weifang 261061, China; 3. Shandong Key Laboratory of Seawater
Comprehensive Utilization，Shandong Ocean Chemical Industry Scientific Research Institute，
Weifang 262737， China

KeyWords： electrodialysis; reverse osmosis; electroplating industrial wastewater; resource utilization; membrane fouling

ClassificationCode：TQ028.8

year,volume(issue):pagination： 2026, 46(4):113-127

Abstract：

Electroplating industrial wastewater features complex compositions and drastic water quality fluctuations. It easily causes scaling and fouling on reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, resulting in deteriorated treatment efficiency and shortened membrane service life. Featuring high separation efficiency and excellent anti-fouling performance, electrodialysis (ED) technology has become a core technical method for advanced resource recovery and zero discharge of complex wastewater. In this study, a two-stage electrodialysis and reverse osmosis coupling process was constructed to realize concentration and volume reduction, advanced desalination and water reuse of electroplating wastewater from a Shaanxi-based enterprise.The experimental results indicated that the first-stage ED unit achieved optimal performance at an operating voltage of 14 V, with an average desalination rate of 91.30%, treatment capacity of 0.251 kg/(m2·h) and desalination energy consumption of 0.514 kW·h/kg. When the second-stage ED unit ran at a current density of 400 A/m2, its average desalination rate reached 88.97%, treatment capacity was 0.561 kg/(m2·h), and desalination energy consumption was 0.245 kW·h/kg. Under an operating pressure of 1.1 MPa and feed flow rate of 160 L/h, the RO unit attained a fresh water recovery rate of 70% and salt rejection rate of 95.93%. The conductivity of effluent water dropped to 43 μS/cm, fully satisfying the reuse standard for makeup water in electroplating workshops.This integrated process achieved an overall salt removal rate of 99.43%, total water recovery rate of 94.9% and concentration ratio of 19.6, with an annual wastewater treatment power cost of 2.848 million RMB. The system realizes waste salt recycling and water resource reuse. In addition, membrane fouling behaviors and operational stability were systematically analyzed. The research conclusions can provide design guidelines and basic data support for the engineering application of resource-oriented treatment of electroplating industrial wastewater.

Funds：

国家重点研发计划（2022YFB3085104）；山东省重点研发计划(竞争性创新平台)项目（2024CXPT059）；潍坊市科技发展计划（2024ZJ1098， 2025GX055， 2023ZJ1055）

AuthorIntro：

张莉（1980-），女，山东邹城人，副教授，博士，研究方向为高盐工业废水资源化. *通讯作者，E-mail：yf_lou@163.com

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