本文采用硅橡胶（PDMS）/醋酸纤维素(CA)复合膜对甲醛废水溶液进行渗透汽化处理，通过改变料液温度，料液浓度等因素考察其对渗透通量及分离因子的影响。实验结果表明，一定温度范围内，该体系的渗透汽化过程存在一个最佳的分离因子；在研究处理浓度为1%甲醛废液时，透过侧压力为13KPa时，在50℃下可以达到最佳的分离效率，此时甲醛的渗透通量可达到110 g/（m2•h），分离因子为1.75，但随着透过侧压力的增高，渗透通量线性降低，分离因子降低；同时研究表明料液浓度越高，膜的渗透通量越大，但最佳分离因子几乎没有改变; 通过Arhenius关系式，得出该复合膜的表观活化能为27.57KJ/mol。与其它甲醛废水分离方法相比，渗透汽化法具有设备简单，操作方便，费用低廉等特点，为工业化的应用提供了新的技术尝试。

The experiments were carried out to separate formaldehyde wastewater by pervaporation with PDMS/CA composite membranes. The influence of feed temperature and feed concentration of formaldehyde aqueous solution on the permeation flux and separation factor of formaldehyde was investigated thoroughly. Experimental results have indicated that there is an optimal separation factor for pervaporation process over a range of temperatures. When dealing with formaldehyde wastewater with feed concentration of 1% at 50℃ and under permeation pressure of 13KPa, this composite membrane can reach excellent separation efficiency with up to 110 g/（m2•h）of flux and up to 1.75  of separation factor. Under this condition, permeation flux decreases linearly and separation factor also reduces when the permeation pressure increases. Besides, the higher the concentration is, the larger the permeation flux is, but there is no obvious change on the separation factor. Apparent activation energy of the composite membrane could also been achieved by Arrhenius equation and the calculated value is considered as 27.57KJ/mol. Compared with other methods of separating formaldehyde wastewater, pervaporation has such many advantages as simple equipment, convenient operation and low cost , which can offer a new and effective technical attempt for industrial application of formaldehyde wastewater treatment.

[1]吴超飞, 王刚, 杨波等. 催化氧化法处理含甲醛毒性有机废水的工程试验[J].环境工程,2002,20(2):7-9.
[2]李湘.Fenton试剂氧化降解含甲醛废水的研究[J].化学工程师，2006,4:14-16.
[3]S.T.Christoskova,M.Stoyanova.Catalytic degradation of CH2O and C6H5CH2OH in waste waters[J].Water Reasearch,2002.36(9):2297-2303.
[4]岳钦艳，高宝玉，岳钦文等.二氧化氯处理苯酚和甲醛废水的研究[R].山东环境，1998,3:3-5.
[5]张蕾，郭生友，原芝泉. 高浓度甲醛制药废水处理工程设计探讨[J].工业水处理，2005, 25(1):66-68.
[6]闫百兴,何岩.燃烧法处理酚醛废水的实验[J].环境污染与防治，1998, 1:20-21.
[7]M.Moussavi,D.Mowla,H.Edrak.Chemical Pretreatment of Formaldehyde-Containing Effluents[J].Environ Sci.Technol,2002,36(17):3822-3826
[8]Lei Li, Zeyi Xiao, Zhibing Zhang, Shujuan Tan, Pervaporation of acetic acid/water mixtures through carbon molecular sieve-filled PDMS membranes, Chemical Engineering Journal,2004,97:83–86.
[9]王彦锋,陈砺,王红林.渗透汽化法在无水乙醇生产中的应用研究[J].可再生资源，2004，（4）:9-11.
[10]田秀枝,朱宝库,徐又一等.渗透蒸发脱除水中挥发性有机物的研究进展[J].环境污染与防治,2004,26(2):129-132.
[11]Kuo,A.C.M. Silicone release coatings for the pressure sensitive industry overview and trends.D.C[J].Corporation,2003:1-4.
[12] GB/T 9009-1998, 工业甲醛溶液[S].