我国是全球人均水资源最贫乏的国家之一，海水淡化、苦咸水脱盐等是解决我国水资源短缺的重要手段之一。以反渗透、纳滤为代表的膜法脱盐技术由于具有投资和能耗较低、易于实现自动控制等优势，目前应用比较广泛，是脱盐技术的一个重要发展方向。渗透蒸发（PV）是一种出现较早的膜分离技术，广泛应用于有机物与水的分离。与其他膜技术相比，渗透蒸发法脱盐具有盐截留率高、能耗低、预处理要求低等优点，因此近年来其在脱盐方面的研究与应用日益引起人们的关注。本文聚焦于渗透蒸发法脱盐技术，主要从渗透蒸发脱盐原理、传质模型、影响因素，以及渗透蒸发脱盐膜的种类及其性能等方面进行总结和评述，以便为渗透蒸发脱盐技术的研究及应用提供参考。

 China is one of the countries with the poorest water resources per capita in the world. Desalination of seawater and brackish water is an important method to solve the shortage of water resources in China. Membrane desalination technologies such as reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) have the advantages of low investment, low energy consumption and easy to realize automatic control, which are currently widely used and have become an important development direction for desalination. Pervaporation (PV) is an early membrane separation technology which is widely used in the separation of organic matter and water. Compared with the other membrane technologies, pervaporation desalination has the advantages of high salt rejection rate, low energy consumption and low pretreatment requirements, and so its research and application in desalination have drawn more and more attentions in recent years. In this paper, the principles, the mass transfer models, the influencing factors of desalination process, and the membrane types for pervaporation desalination are summarized and reviewed to provide reference for the research and application of pervaporation desalination technology.

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