高含量β晶型的压电PVDF杂化膜的制备及抗污染性能研究

 
作者： 刘庆宇， 胡冰豪， 崔振宇*
单位： 天津工业大学  材料科学与工程学院， 天津 300387
关键词： 聚偏氟乙烯； β晶型； 压电； 抗污染
DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2026.03.004
分类号： TQ028.8
出版年,卷(期):页码： 2026, 46(3):31-41

摘要：

压电膜在使用过程中可通过压电效应提高膜表面的电荷密度，从而增强静电排斥作用，形成有效能垒，降低污染物在膜表面的吸附。因此，利用压电效应为提高膜的抗污染性能提供了新思路。本研究通过调控淬冷浴温度及氯化钠添加量，制备具有不同β晶型含量的聚偏氟乙烯微滤膜，确定使β晶型含量最高的制膜工艺参数。在此基础上，向铸膜液中掺杂碳纳米管，制备出具有压电响应的CNTs@PVDF杂化膜。通过表征膜的形貌和表面性质，测试膜在循环压力过程中压电输出性能，探究恒定压力与脉冲压力对膜表面电荷密度和抗污染性能的影响。结果表明，与纯PVDF膜相比，CNTs@PVDF杂化膜的亲水性、Zeta电位和压电性能均得到显著改善。此外，CNTs@PVDF杂化膜在脉冲压力模式下，与恒定压力模式相比，对酵母的截留率由43.1%提升至84.6%。CNTs@PVDF杂化膜表现出的正压电效应显著增强了其抗污染性能，使通量恢复率由57.6%提升至84.3%。基于膜表面电荷密度变化以及抗污染性能的结果，提出“压电强化电荷密度”增强膜的抗污染机制，并为利用正压电效应提高抗污染性能的研究提供借鉴。

Piezoelectric membranes can enhance the surface charge density during operation through the piezoelectric effect, thereby strengthening electrostatic repulsion and forming an effective energy barrier to reduce pollutant adsorption on the membrane surface. Therefore, utilizing the piezoelectric effect offers a new strategy for improving membrane antifouling performance. In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membranes with different β-phase contents were prepared by adjusting the quenching bath temperature and sodium chloride concentration, and the membrane preparation parameters corresponding to the highest β-phase content were determined. On this basis, carbon nanotubes were doped into the casting solution to fabricate piezoelectric-responsive CNTs@PVDF hybrid membranes. The morphology and surface properties of the membranes were characterized, along with their dynamic piezoelectric performance under cyclic pressure. The effects of constant pressure and pulsed pressure on the surface charge density and antifouling performance were investigated. The results showed that compared with pure PVDF membrane, the hydrophilicity, Zeta potential, and piezoelectric properties of the CNTs@PVDF hybrid membrane were significantly improved. Moreover, under pulsed pressure mode, the rejection rate of the CNTs@PVDF hybrid membrane for yeast increased from 43.1% to 84.6%, compared to that under constant pressure mode. The positive piezoelectric effect exhibited by the CNTs@PVDF hybrid membrane remarkably enhanced its antifouling performance, raising the flux recovery rate from 57.6% to 84.3%. Based on the changes in membrane surface charge density and the antifouling performance results, an antifouling mechanism of “piezoelectric-enhanced charge density” is proposed, which provides a reference for leveraging the positive piezoelectric effect to improve antifouling performance. 

基金项目：

国家自然科学基金面上项目（22478302）

作者简介：
第一作者简介： 刘庆宇（2000-），男，天津人，硕士研究生，主要从事膜材料制备及应用研究.*通讯作者，E-mail：cuizheyhh@163.com

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