基膜调控及其对反渗透复合膜性能影响研究 

 
作者： 况武*， 韩洪蕊， 衣刚， 苏志鹏， 李伟， 卢彦斌
单位： 北京碧水源分离膜科技有限公司， 北京 101407
关键词：  基膜； 孔结构； 孔隙率； 聚酰胺； 复合膜
DOI号： 10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2026.03.005
分类号： TQ028.8
出版年,卷(期):页码： 2026, 46(3):42-52

摘要：

反渗透复合膜的分离效率与耐压稳定性高度依赖于聚砜基膜的微观孔结构，但制备工艺对孔结构的精确调控机制尚不清晰。为此，采用非溶剂致相分离法制备聚砜基膜，系统考察了环境湿度、凝固浴组成与温度、铸膜液中添加非溶剂等因素对基膜孔结构的影响，并结合界面聚合制备聚酰胺复合膜。结果表明，当铸膜液中水添加量为1.0%时，复合膜在2 000 mg/L NaCl溶液、1.55 MPa测试压力下，通量为60.16 L/(m2·h)，脱盐率99.7%，且在5.86 MPa高压运行20 h后通量衰减仅16.9%，脱盐率保持稳定。该研究证明，通过精准调控基膜成膜条件可在通量与耐压性之间取得平衡，为高通量、高稳定反渗透膜的设计提供了新路径。

The separation efficiency and pressure resistance of reverse osmosis composite membranes strongly depend on the microporous structure of the polysulfone support membrane, yet the precise control mechanism of fabrication parameters on pore structure remains unclear. In this study, polysulfone support membranes were prepared via the non solvent induced phase separation method. The effects of ambient humidity, coagulation bath composition and temperature, and non solvent additive in the casting solution on the pore structure were systematically investigated, followed by the preparation of polyamide composite membranes via interfacial polymerization. The results showed that when the water content in the casting solution was 1.0%, the composite membrane achieved a flux of 60.16 L/(m2·h) and a salt rejection of 99.7% when tested with 2 000 mg/L NaCl solution under 1.55 MPa. After 20 h of continuous operation at 5.86 MPa, the flux decline was only 16.9%, while the salt rejection remained stable. This study demonstrates that precise regulation of support membrane formation conditions can balance permeability and pressure resistance, providing a new route for designing high flux and high stability reverse osmosis membranes. 

基金项目：

作者简介：
第一作者简介： 况武（1989-），男，江西高安人，博士，高级工程师，主要从事反渗透、纳滤、电解水制氢等膜材料的研发及规模化制备,E-mail：bsy_kuangwu@126.com

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